当本地知识遭遇国际环保主义：

夏威夷土著与鲨鱼保护

Native Hawaiian Shark Conservation: 

Indigenous Knowledge Meets Global Environmentalism

主讲人：迈尔斯·鲍威尔（Miles POWELL，新加坡南洋理工大学副教授）

主持人：侯深（Shen Hou, 中国人民大学副教授）

讲座时间：6月15日（周二）北京时间下午15:30-17:00

腾讯会议ID：516 796 611

会议密码：615330

主办：中国人民大学历史学院，生态史研究中心

主讲人简介

迈尔斯·鲍威尔是新加坡南洋理工大学的历史学副教授，主要研究海洋史和环境史，并领导新加坡南洋理工大学的人文环境研究组。他的第一本书《消逝中的美国：物种灭绝、种族危机和保护的起源》（哈佛大学出版社，2016年）通过对灭绝的论述，探索19世纪末和20世纪初美国的种族认知和对环境的思考之间的关联。他目前的研究项目包括人类与鲨鱼互动的环境史（已与哈佛大学出版社签约），以及一项受资助的新加坡海洋环境史的研究。他的研究见于《环境与历史》、《国际环境史评论》、《太平洋历史评论》、《西方历史季刊》及其他汇编的文集中。他目前也是《环境与历史》编辑委员会的成员。

Miles POWELL is an Associate Professor of History at NTU, Singapore, where he studies marine and global environmental history, and heads the university’s Environmental Humanities research cluster. His first book, Vanishing America: Species Extinction, Racial Peril, and The Origins of Conservation (Harvard UP, 2016), uses discourses of extinction to explore connections between racial attitudes and environmental thought in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century America. His current research projects include a global environmental history of human interactions with sharks (under contract with Harvard UP), and a grant-funded study of Singapore’s marine environmental history. His research has appeared in Environment and History, the International Review of Environmental History, the Pacific Historical Review, the Western Historical Quarterly, and edited anthologies. He currently serves on the editorial board of Environment and History.

在这一过程中，夏威夷土著塑造了有关鲨鱼鳍的主流环保主义叙事，同时也在管理历史资源的层面发挥着作用。夏威夷土著认为鲨鱼是aumakuas（家族守护神或神圣的祖先）的化身，因此本地土著抵制鱼翅产业，他们认为这不仅残忍、铺张浪费，而且是对夏威夷人敬畏海洋传统的亵渎。

In the process, Native Hawaiians shaped mainstream environmentalist discourses concerning shark finning, while simultaneously demanding a role in the management of their historical resources. Native Hawaiians consider some sharks Aumakuas (family guardian spirits or deified ancestors).  Many Native Hawaiians therefore oppose the shark fin industry, which they perceive as not only cruel and wasteful, but also as an affront to traditional Hawaiian attitudes of respect and even reverence for the sea.

当然，这些夏威夷土著抵制鱼翅产业的努力并非单枪匹马的斗争。鉴于夏威夷的种族多样性（白人占该州人口不到四分之一），而且考虑到鱼翅消费与特定种群之间的联系，2010年通过禁止持有、销售或分销鱼翅的州立法时，立法者还需与复杂的种群进行政治协商。本场讲座探讨了在多民族联盟的背景下，其中也包括了华人，是如何走到一起并最终完成了这一前所未有的立法行动。

Of course Hawaii’s original peoples did not act alone in their efforts to ban this practice. In light of Hawaii’s racial diversity (whites account for less than a quarter of the state’s population), and considering the association of shark fin consumption with particular ethnic groups, the passage of state legislation prohibiting the possession, selling, or distribution of shark fins in 2010 required legislators to negotiate complex racial politics. This talk explores how a large, multi-ethnic alliance, which included individuals of Chinese descent, came together to achieve this unprecedented legislation.

【本文转载自“历史的生态学畅想“微信公众号2021年6月11日推送，本期编辑：曹芷馨】