[①] 如在John R. McNeil主持的题为Forests and Civilization的小组中,就有如下的知名环境史学家发表了成果:J. Dbnald HugheS,“Ancient Deforestation Revisited"; Richard Tucker, "Forests and Warfare: The State of Research"; Mauro Agnoletti, "Wood and Civilization"; Jose Augusto Padua, `Slavery and Deforestation: Brazilian Perceptions during the 18th and 19th Centuries".
[②]参看包茂红:《海洋亚洲:环境史研究的新开拓》,《学术研究》2008年第6期。
[③] john R.McNeil,"Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History",History and Theory : Studies in the Philosophy of History,Vol.42,No.4,2003.
[④] Isnce Van Sittert, "The Other Seven Tenth", Environmental History, Vo1.10, No.l, 2005.
[⑤] AnneHusum Marboe, Poul Hohn, Peter Calow, "The Impact of Cultural Values on Marine Environment Conservation"; Jacob Hamblin,Guardians of the Atlantic: Ocean Pollution and NATO Environmentalism in the Cold War";Tsuo一Ming Hsu, "The History of Taiwan's Fishing Ports and theImagination of the Sea along the No. 2 Road of Taiwan";Morten Haugdahl,"War Over Whales: Radical Enviroivnentalist Organisations and Scientific Knowledge in Whaling Controversies".
[⑥] Hohn Gillis, "From Ecotone to Edge: the Chapging Nature of a Coastal Environment".
[⑦] Tim Sistnmk, "The Fish a}f the Sea in late Medieval law" ; Ken Cruikshank and Nancy B. Bouchier, "Her Majesty's Property: Environment,Regulation and Popular Use of Hamilton Harbour";Karen Oslund, "Global Whaling Politics in the North Atlantic and South Pacific"; Stephen Bocking, "Incal Knowledge in a Global Industry:the Formation and Movement of the Science of Salmon Aquaculture".
[⑧] Edmund P. Russell, War and Nature: Fighting Humans and lnsects with Chemicals from World War l to "Silent Spring", New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[⑨] John R. McNeitl, "Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History".
[⑩] Ridchard Tucker and Edmund Russell (eds.),Natural Enemy, Natural Ally: Tounrds an Environmental History of Warfare, Corvallis; Oregon State University Press,2004.
[11] Bemand Taithe, "The Ecology of Colonial Famines and Wars in the French African Empire, 1864一1916" ; Tom Brooking and Vaughan Wood, "Nature's Counter Attack: War and New Zealand Environmental History'; Neil Clayton and Fiona Clayton, "Contested Places: Weeds and `warfare' in the South Pacific"; Dorothee Brantz, "The Concept of the Environment and the Practice of Total War During World War I".
[12] Tim Cole,Environmental Discourses on British Military Training Estates: The SENTA Range and the Epynt"; Chris Pearson, "Combat Ecologies:Environmental Histories of Militarism in Postwar France".
[13] Mathew Evenden, "Aluminum, Commodity Chains and the Environmental History of the Second World War"; Jessica Van Horssen, "Allies Burning for a Hinterland: Asbestos and the Second World War".
[14] 参看包茂宏:《苏联的环境破坏和环境主义运动》,《陕西师范大学学报》2003年第4期。
[15] Douglas R. Weiner, Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation, and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia, Bloomington: Indiana University Prese, 1988. A little Corner of Freedom:Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbach? v, Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press,1999.
[16] Dennis St Germaine,Soviet Ecology: Movement Provided Vehicle for Attempted Social Change Under Communism, 2002.
[17] John R. McNeill, "Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History", p.30.担任欧洲环境史学会的斯拉夫地区代表的阿列克赛·卡里莫夫的估计相对比较乐观。笔者在2003年曾对他进行过采访,希望了解俄罗斯学者自己的环境史研究。可惜采访尚未结束,他就在参加在捷克召开的欧洲环境史学会年会后返回莫斯科的途中遭遇车祸,不幸辞世。
[18] John MacKenzie, "Introduction",Environment and History, Vol.10, No.4, 2004.
[19] Andy Bruno, "Russian Environmental History: Directions snd Potentials", Kritilca: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Vol.8, No.3,2007.
[20] Ekaterina Pravilova, "The Rhetoric of Water Law: Russian Colonial Experience and the Problem of Legal Pluralism".
[21] Alexey Kraykovskiy,"the Neva River in the Identity, Economy and Culture of `the Northern Capital' of Russia"; Andy Bruno, "Of Rocksand Reindeer: Making Wense of State一socialist Modernization and Environment'.
[22] David Moon. "German Scientists on the Russian Steppes:The Russian Academy of Science's Expeditions of the Late 18th Century"; SeijaNiemi, "A Combination of Science and Economy: A. E.Nordenskiold's Expeditions to the Siberian Rivers Obi and Yenisei in 1875 and1876"; Jonathan Oldfield, "V. V. Dokuchaev and the Emergence of Landscape Science in Russia"; Alexandra Bekasova, "'The Experience ofLandscape though a Coach Window: Guidebooks and National Identity in Russia during the First Half of the 19th Century".
[23] Richard Powell, "Geopolitical Science? Field Practices in the Canadian Arctic, 1955一1970"; Julia Lajus, "Controversial Perceptions of Arctic Warming in the 1930s in the Context of Soviet Polar Exploration and Resource Use" ; Ronald E. Doel, "Military Pattronage and New Attitudes towards the Arctic Environment after World War II".
[24] Peder Roberts, "All the Empiire's Whales: Scientists, Bureaucrats, and the Conshuction of an Antarctic Marine Environment, 1913一1939";Adrian Howkins, "Creating a `Continent for Science':Environmental History and the Origins of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty" ; Katluyn Yusoffand Sirmn Naylor, " ` Weather Central':Antarctic Science, Globalism, and Climate".
[25] Cengiz Kirli, "labor Migrations and Urban Enviroxunent in Istanbul in the Early 19th Century"; Selcuk Dursun, "Population Displacement andForest Resource Management in the Ottoman Empire"; M. Safa Saracoglu, "`Those Cattle Thieves':Immigrants, Land-use and Violence ina Nineteenth Cartury Ottoman" .
[26] Sing C. Chew, World Ecological Degradation:Accumulation, Urbanization and Deforestation 3000 B.C.-A.D.2000,Altamira Press,2001; The Rrecurring Dark Ages:Ecological Stress,Climate Changes,and System Tranasformation, AltaMira Press, 2006; Ecological Futures: What History Can Teach Us? AktaMira Press, 2008.
[27] 2007年,他在伯克利加州大学地理系完成了题为《生态与资本主义的兴起》的博士论文,该文已编辑成书,即将由加州大学出版社正式出版。他2003年发表在《理论与社会》上的论文《作为环境史的现代世界体系?生态与资本主义的兴起》荣获美国环境史学会2004年的“阿丽斯·汉米尔顿论文奖”。
[28] Jasp W, Moore, "`The Wildness is Taken from the Forest by the Metalworks':The Political Ecology of Extraction in the Making of the Modern World-System,1450-1800";Unearthing Rule: Nature, Colonial Rule and the Production of an Extractive Economy on the Zambian Copperbelt";Gavin Bridge, "What Drives the `Extractive Frontier'? the City of London and the Capitalisation of the Mineral Kingdom in the Late 19th Century";Eric Clark and Huei一Min Tsai, " Ecologically Unequal Exchange, Landesque Capital, and IandscapeTransformations:On the Historicalpolitical Ecology of Kinmen Island and Orchid Island".
[29] Ruediger Glaser, "Connecting Arabic and European Medieval Documentary Data for Reconstructing Climate"; Petr Dobrovolny, Rudolf Brazdil, Christian Pfister, et. al.,"'The 500-year Reconstruction of European Climate Derived from Historical Archives"; Adriaan de Kraker, "Farmland and Clops as Providers of Climate Information in Belgium and the Netherlands during the 17th end 18th Denturies";Lotta Leijonhufvud, "Swedish Grain Tithes as a Source for Climatatic Reconstructions:1540-1680" ; Stefan Norrgard,'"Taking Microclimete into Considertion: Comparing Ships' Logbooks and Fort Journals at Cape Coast Castle 1750-1800" ; Dennis Wheeler, "Using Ships' Logbook to Reconstruct past Climates of Oceanic Regions: A Case Study for the North East Atlantic (1685 to 1750)"; Emmanuel Kneike, "Imag(en) ingTime Traveling Trees: Aerial Photography, GIS, Digitalization, and Re-reading African Landscapes".
[30] Paul J. Crutzen and E. F. Stoermer, "'The `Anthropocene"', Global Change Newsletter, 41,2000.
[31] 主要表现在四个方面,分别是:沉积物的腐蚀及其类型发生的巨变;碳循环和全球气温出现大的波动;生物从开花时间到迁徙类型都发生了大规模改变;海洋酸性化,位于食物链底层的小型海洋生物的生存受到威胁。
[32] Jan Zalasiewicz, Made Williams et al.,"Are We Now Living in the Anthropocene?",GSA (Geological Society of America ) Today, 18(2),2008.
[33] 刘东生:《开展“人类世”环境研究,做新时代地学的开拓者》,《第四纪研究》2004年,第4期。
[34] Will Steffen, Paul J. Crutzen, and John R. McNeill, "'The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature" , AMBIO:AJournal of Human Enviroroment,Vol.36, No.8, 2007.
[35] Robert Coszanza, Lisa J. Graurolich, and Will Steff'en ( eds.),Sustainability or Collapse? An Integrated History and Future of People onEarth,Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2007, pp.4一5.