一、胡允晓《朱子读书法研究》   指导老师：皮庆生

中文摘要

在中国阅读史上，朱子读书法具有极其重要的地位，他是宋代士人中最重视读书的人，这是他有别于宋代其他理学家的重要因素之一。当然，朱子对读书法的讨论，有其历史语境，比如印刷术的发达、科举制度的完善和理学思想的发展，同时代士人对读书法的重视与讨论，据本文的考证，北宋的黄庭坚已在文中提出“读书法”的概念，并身体力行。

讨论朱子读书法，可以按传统的方法概括为“六条目”，即循序渐进、熟读精思、虚心涵泳、切己体察、著紧用力、居敬持志，它们体现了朱子“涵养须用敬，进学在致知”的两进不偏的进学策略。但朱子读书法并非静态的，在四十岁时，朱子对主敬、致知先后的认识发生转变，他对读书的认识和实践也有变化，从早期强调反求诸己、精熟贯穿、循序渐进，转而重视反求诸心、虚心、主一、常惺惺等，在坚守读书穷理的同时，突出内在心的作用。这一变化与他对南宋时学风之弊的批评、身体条件的变化和外部的政治压力有着密切关系。

朱子读书法对后世的阅读理论与实践有着深远影响，从南宋末年辅广辑《朱子读书法》起，元、明、清皆有编纂专书之作，皆是理学意识形态的产物，同时反映了编纂者矫正士人读书务于科举时文的用意。

关键词：朱子读书法；宋代社会；主敬；致知；后世流传

Abstract

In the history of Chinese reading, Zhu Zi’s reading method has an extremely important position. Zhu Xi is one of the most important scholars in the Song Dynasty, which is one of the important factors that distinguish him from other philosophers in the Song Dynasty. Of course, Zhu Zi’s discussion of the reading method has its historical context, such as the development of printing, the perfection of the imperial examination system and the development of the scientific thinking. At the same time, the scholars pay attention to and discuss the reading method. According to the textual research, the Northern Song Dynasty Huang Tingjian has put forward the concept of "reading law" in the text and practiced it.

Discussing Zhu Zi's reading method can be summarized as "six items" according to the traditional method, that is, step by step, familiar reading, meditation, self-discipline, tightness, and respect. They embody the learning strategy of Zhu Zi's "cultivation byrespect, learning by knowing". However, Zhu Zi’s reading method is not static. At the age of forty, Zhu’s understanding of the respect and knowledge has changed. His understanding and practice of reading have also changed. From the early stage, he emphasized the need for self-seeking, thorough and thorough, step by step, turning to the emphasis on counter-seeking, humility, attention, alertion, etc., while sticking to the study of poverty, highlighting the role of the inner heart. This change is closely related to his criticism of the disadvantages of the style of study in the Southern Song Dynasty, changes in physical conditions and external political pressure.

Zhu Zi's reading method has far-reaching influence on the reading theory and practice of later generations. Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Zhuzi Reading Law", the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties have compiled books. They are the products of the ideology of science. At the same time, it reflects the intention of the editor to correct the scholars' reading in the imperial examination.

Keywords: Zhu Zi's Reading Method, Song Dynasty Society, Respect, Knowing, Spreading in Later Generations

二、赵芝《清代佛教方志序文研究》  指导老师：曹刚华

中文摘要

佛教方志序文，通常记载着山寺的建置沿革、修志缘起、方志的编撰过程、旧志的得失、编撰者情况、方志的梓行和流传、以及对方志的评价等内容。佛教方志序文始于魏晋，至清代发展到兴盛。清代佛教方志序文，因其数量众多、内容完善，有着很高的史料价值，在佛教史研究及文献学上具有很重要的地位。

本文对清代佛教方志序文的研究主要包括以下几个方面：

一、梳理佛教方志序文的发展，对魏晋、隋唐、宋元、明、清各个时期的佛教方志序文概况进行分析介绍，并着重介绍清代佛教方志序文的兴盛及缘由。

清代佛教方志的繁盛促进了佛教方志序文的发展，清代序文文风之盛影响了佛教方志序文的创作。僧众借序文抬高寺院山林的名气，宣扬于天下；士人则或借写序文增加收入，或借序文抒发各种情感，扬名于山林，双方互利互惠。

二、对清代佛教方志序文的行文结构和语言特点进行分析概述。清代佛教方志序文篇幅很多，文字内容各异，笔者拟从行文结构上总结出三种比较典型的清代佛教方志序文结构，并从语言层面上对清代佛教方志序文的特点予以介绍。清代佛教方志序文以散文为主，兼有骈散结合；以记叙文为主，辅以议论、抒情表达方式；佛教专业术语较多，文字古朴。

三、研究清代佛教方志序文作者群体。清代佛教方志序文作者中不仅有佛教僧众、文人居士，还有官吏以及帝王，主要探讨他们为佛教方志作序的原因，以及与方志编撰者的关系。清代佛教方志序文作者以官吏和文人居士最多，且多集中分布于江苏、浙江一带，这与清代江浙经济文化的发达是分不开的。序文作者出于对山寺的敬仰与喜爱、对方志的接受和认可，以及序文作者与方志撰者之间存在着友人、同僚、同乡等的关系，这些都是他们愿意为佛教方志作序的原因。

四、论述清代佛教方志序文的史料价值。清代佛教方志序文，是研究清代佛教方志的指示门径，为深入研究清代佛教史提供新的视角，对补充和校勘清人文集有着很高的价值。

关键词：清代；佛教方志；序文；史料价值

Abstract

The preface of Buddhist Chorography usually records the history of the construction of mountain temples, the origin of the revision of Buddhist Chorography, the compilation process of Buddhist Chorography, the gains and losses of the old ones, the situation of the compilers, the publish and circulate of the Buddhist Chorography, and the evaluation. The preface of Buddhist Chorography flourished in the Qing Dynasty, which originated in Wei and Jin, is abundant in number and perfect in content. So it plays an important role in the study of Buddhist history and philology.

In this paper, the study of the preface of Buddhism in Qing Dynasty mainly includes the following aspects:

Firstly, this paper introduces the development of the preface of Buddhist Chorography, analyzes the general situation in each period, and emphatically introduces the prosperity and reason of the preface of Buddhist Chorography in Qing Dynasty. The prosperity of Buddhism Chorography in Qing Dynasty promoted the development of preface of Buddhism Chorography. The prosperity of preface writing style in Qing Dynasty influenced the creation of preface writing in Buddhist Chorography. Monks borrow preface to raise the fame of the temple mountain forest and publicize it all over the world. Scholars either increase their income by writing prefaces, or express various emotions by prefaces to gain fame in the mountain forests. Both sides are mutually beneficial.

Secondly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the structure and language features of the preface of the Buddhist Chorography in the Qing Dynasty.The preamble of the Buddhist Chorography of the Qing Dynasty was very long and varied. The author intends to summarize the structure and introduce the characteristics of three kinds of preface of Buddhist Chorography of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of writing structure and language. The preface of Buddhism Chorography in Qing Dynasty is mainly prose, combining parallel prose and scattered prose.  It is mainly narrative, supplemented by discussion and lyrical expression. Buddhism has many professional terms and simple and unsophisticated characters.

Thirdly, the study of the Qing Dynasty Buddhist preface writer group. There are not only Buddhist monks, but also scholars, officials and rulers. To explore why they write preface and their relationship with the author of Qing Dynasty Buddhist Chorography. Most of the preface writers of the Qing Dynasty Buddhist Chorography are officials and scholars, and most of them are concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which is inseparable from the economic and cultural development of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the Qing Dynasty. The author of the preface, out of admiration and love for the temple, acceptance and recognition of each other's local records, and the relationship between the author of the preface and the writer of Buddhist Chorography, such as friends, colleagues and countrymen, are all the reasons why they wrote the preface for Buddhist Chorography.

Lastly, this paper discusses the historical data value of the preface of the Buddhist Chorography in the Qing Dynasty. The preface of it is a guiding way to study the Buddhist Chorography of the Qing Dynasty. It provides a new perspective for the in-depth study of the Buddhist history of the Qing Dynasty.

Keywords: Qing Dynasty; Buddhist Chorography; The Prefaces; Historical Value

三、司方方《尤侗与<明史>纂修研究》  指导老师：阚红柳

中文摘要

康熙十八年（1679），尤侗以博学鸿儒参与纂修《明史》。寓京修史期间，纂成《明史拟稿》六卷，《外国传》八卷，《艺文志》五卷，《拟明史乐府》与《外国竹枝词》各一卷，以上著述均对研究尤侗与《明史》纂修关系极其重要。

本文在学界既有研究成果基础上，以尤侗与《明史》纂修为个案，全面审视并评价其史学成就及影响，进而深入探讨清初文人修史的时代现象及清初文史关系的状况和相应影响。一方面注重对尤侗生平及其与博学鸿儒交游的勾勒，对其与《明史》纂修相关著述内容和版本进行辨析，厘清了尤侗生平、交游、著述的相关内容，旨在说明其以博学鸿儒参与纂修《明史》，是其人生的辉煌时刻。修史期间，其交游以史馆圈子里的文学交游为主。另一方面，本文以尤侗史学研究作为个案，揭示了清初博学鸿儒入《明史》馆修史的具体状况，探讨清初官私史学的交融与发展及文人修史的历史现象。本文尽力搜集了有关的原始文献资料，从学术史、史学史和历史文献学相结合的角度进行了较为深入的学术实践与研究，在研究方法上注重文本比勘的方式，对尤著《明史拟稿》与《明史》相关传记进行比较研究，结合多重因素来探讨《明史·外国传》叙述模式的变化，对尤著《艺文志》收藏、流传及利用情况加以发掘，并从文人修史的角度分析探讨尤侗史学著述的两面性。这些研究对丰富尤侗其人其学，推动清初《明史》学及促进中国史学史上文史关系等诸方面研究均做了有益的尝试。

关键词：尤侗；《明史》；文人修史

Abstract

In the eighteenth year of emperor Kangxi (1679),You Tong participated in the compilation of the History of Ming Dynasty as Bo-Xue-Hong-Ru, during the period of the compilation of the History of Ming Dynasty in Beijing, he had completed six volumes of The Historical Draft of Ming Dynasty, eight volumes of Foreign Biography, and five volumes of Yi Wen Zhi. And there is a volume in each of Yuefu of Ming history and The Ci of Foreign Bamboo Branch. All of the above works are extremely important to study the relationship between You Tong and the compilation of History of the Ming Dynasty.

In view of the existing research of the academia, the paper takes Yu Tong and the compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty as a case, in order to evaluate his achievements and influence in history, and further explore the era phenomenon and corresponding impact of the literati wrote history and the relationship between the literature and history in the early Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, the paper pays attention to the outline of You Tong’s life and his friendship with Bo-Xue-Hong-Ru, and analyzes the content and version of his works related to the compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty, and clarifies the related content of You Tong’s life, friendship and writing. It shows that the compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty was a glorious moment in his life, and his friendship during this period was still a literati association in the circle of history. On the other hand, the paper takes Yu Tong’s historical research as a case to reveal the specific situation of the Bo-Xue-Hong-Ru compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty. It has explored the blending and development of the official history and individual history in the Qing Dynasty and the phenomenon of literati participated in the compilation of History. The paper tries to collect relevant original literature materials, and pays more attention to the more in-depth academic practice and research from the perspective of the combination of academic history, historical history and history of historiography, with emphasis on contrast and text comparison in research methods, especially, A comparative study of the biography of the Ming Dynasty and the You Tong’s Historical Draft of Ming Dynasty. It explores that various factors contributed to the changes in the narrative mode of Foreign Biography of the History of the Ming Dynasty, and it explores the collection, circulation and utilization of Yi Wen Zhi. From the perspective of literati participated in the compilation of history to analyze the two sides of it. The above research has made a useful attempt to enrich the research of the You Tong and his works, to promote the study of the History of the Ming Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty and the relationship between history and literature in the history of Chinese historiography.

Keywords：You Tong; History of the Ming Dynasty; literati participate in the compilation of history

四、张含章《十字路口的探索：郭嵩焘经学研究》  指导老师：阚红柳

中文摘要

对19世纪身处十字路口的中国而言，郭嵩焘（1818—1891）既是孤独的思考者，也是勇敢的践行者。作为晚清较具争议的历史人物，郭嵩焘因出使西洋而遭受举国骂名。封疆大臣及驻外公使的经历使他得以全面系统地总结反思旧秩序之不足，既然旧有政教不能担负起政治革新和挽救时代人心的重任，那就需要质疑和革新，郭嵩焘的这些思考集中表现在其经学著作中。

郭嵩焘的经学以礼学为核心，《大学章句质疑》和《中庸章句质疑》直指程朱核心，他反对程朱理学虚言天理，认为天理有天理的归宿，人世有人道的法则，理在己即修身、品节，治国即理财、用人，将理拉回到人道及事功的范畴。郭嵩焘将三纲八目归为成己成物两个层次，他认为诚敬慎独是成己的关键因素，是沟通天人之际的桥梁，民富国强是时代需求，是成物的主要内容，君子或士大夫兴实学是变革“人心风俗政教”、效法西方以求富强的决定性环节。此外，郭嵩焘对“缘情制礼”的重视和应用贯彻其学术始终，他反复以人情为出发点评价郑注孔疏，在清代诸家礼学中较为突出。

本文对郭嵩焘经学的分析并未采取常见的分经论述模式，而是以从义理分析到社会实践的逻辑体系为主，围绕的核心问题有两个，一是郭嵩焘是怎样“质疑”并诠释传统经学以使适应19世纪的时局，二是郭嵩焘是怎样看待并处理中西文化在现实层面的矛盾与冲突并表现在经学著作上。

关键词：郭嵩焘 晚清 经学

Abstract

For China, which was at a crossroads in the 19th century, Guo Songtao(1818-1891) was both a lonely thinker and a brave practitioner. As a more controversial historical figure in the late Qing Dynasty, Guo suffered for his mission to the West. The experience enabled him to comprehensively and systematically summarize and reflect on the shortcomings of the old order. Since the old church can not shoulder the heavy responsibility of political reform and the rescue of the people of the times, they need to question and innovate. These thoughts of Guo Songtao are concentrated in his writings on classics.

Guo's studies are centered on rites, and his book refer directly to the core of Cheng Zhu. He believes that there is a natural fate of heaven, and there is a humanitarian law in the world. Guo Songtao classified the three classes and eight goals as two levels of self-formation. He believes that honesty, prudence, and independence are the key factors for self-formation. They are bridges that connect people with each other. The rich and powerful people are the needs of the times and are the main contents of the objects. Gentlemen or scholars are the decisive link in reforming "people's customs and religion" and imitating the West to seek prosperity and prosperity. In addition, Guo Songtao's emphasis on and application of the "love ceremony" has always been his academic practice. He has repeatedly evaluated Zhengzhu Kongshu as a starting point for human beings, and he is more prominent in the rituals of various families in the Qing Dynasty.

The analysis of Guo Songtao's classics in this paper does not adopt the common model, but focuses on the logic system from the analysis to social practice. There are two core issues around it. The first is how Guo Songtao"questioned" and interpreted traditional Confucian classics to adapt to the current situation. The second is how Guo Songtao viewed the contradictions and conflicts between Chinese and Western cultures at the practical level and expressed them in Confucian classics.

五、贺国玉《宋代谥议研究》  指导老师：李晓菊

中文摘要

谥议，是关于谥号拟定的议论文，是谥号确立的依据。宋代谥议作为古代朝廷为特定群体拟定谥号的文辞，是易名之典的一个重要环节，既体现着皇权的威严，又表明了中国古代礼制运作的健全，对王朝的统治、特定群体的行为约束以及社会道德风尚的引领，具有重要的意义和作用。

本文根据得谥群体的不同，将搜集到的宋代谥议分为三类，分别是帝王后妃谥议、王公大臣谥议和理学家谥议，通过梳理不同群体的议谥制度，考察其谥议的书写特点、文体结构，并对其事迹的选择进行分析，探究其背后的深层原因。本文认为谥议写作表面来看是对谥主个人生平的总结，但其中蕴含着儒家意识形态对特定群体的行为约束与形象期许，具有很强的政治文化功能。

宋代帝王后妃得谥程序较前代更为严密，礼仪更加繁复，谥议文本的写作彰显着制度的落实，南郊请谥、百官集议等在谥议文本中均有所体现。撰谥官与前代相比，也出现新的变化，即由学识渊博的翰林学士执笔撰写。受到新儒学的影响，宋代帝王后妃谥议呈现出内容丰富的特点，其间蕴含了宋代士大夫对于帝王后妃的政治道德寄寓。宋代出现了垂帘听政女主得四字谥的现象，相关谥议的关注点亦较普通后妃的内治转向外治，并特别强调其与嗣君的关系融洽，从而推动了谥法制度的发展。

宋代王公大臣谥议在体式和用语方面有其特定的行文要求和标准，所择事迹蕴含褒贬倾向，经撰谥官拟写、整合议定的谥议，除了对相关人物事迹具有书写、评定等作用外，亦与宋朝的政治文化具有十分密切的关联。就书写层面而言，一方面，谥议反映了宋廷对于王公大臣所应具备的道德品质的要求，寄寓了对“文”和“忠”等形象的推崇，另一方面，谥议的撰写往往受到帝王干预、家人诉求、利益驱使、挟私报复等因素的影响，本文以个案形式着重讨论的党争与陈执中谥议的拟立即是体现。

伴随着理学的兴起，宋代产生了相当数量的理学家谥议，理学家谥议的写作被纳入官方。理学作为一个新的学派在宋代出现，其推动者身后之名被纳入国家制度层面，成为一种政治文化象征，此为宋代谥议发展的一个重要特色。

关键词：宋代；谥议；礼制

Abstract

Shi Yi is a kind of argumentation about how a posthumous name should be made, which is the basis for the final confirmation of posthumous names. In the Song Dynasty, as an offical diction of making posthumous names for specific groups, Shi Yi is an important part of regulations of posthumous names. It reflects the majesty of the imperial power, and shows the soundness of the ancient Chinese ritual system. It plays a significant role in the dynasticism, the behavior restrictions of specific groups and the guide of social morality fashion.

According to different groups, Shi Yi in the Song Dynasty can be divided into three categories: the royal family members’, the princes’ and the ministers’, the Neo-Confucianism scholars. By teasing out the regulations of different groups’ Shi Yi, studying the writing characteristics and genre structures, and analyzing the choices of these people's deeds when writing Shi Yi, this article aims to explore the underlying causes. This article argues that Shi Yi seems like a summary of one's life, however it contains the behavior restrictions and image expectations of specific groups from Confucianism, and has a strong political and cultural function.

The routine of making posthumous names for the emperors and empresses is stricter than before in the Song Dynasty, and the etiquette is more complicated. The writing of Shi Yi highlighted the fulfilling of the regulations, and asking for posthumous names in southern suburbs and the officials discussing posthumous names together are all reflected in Shi Yi. Compared with the previous dynasties, there is also a change in the offcials who write the Shi Yi, which is, Shi Yi is usually written by a knowledgeable Hanlin bachelor. Influenced by the Neo-Confucianism, the Shi Yi of the empresses of Song Dynasty are rich in content, they contain the political morality advocated by the imperial scholars in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, there is a phenomenon that the female emperor be given a four-character posthumous name. The concerns of the relevant Shi Yi also turn from household managements to the domination of the whole country, and emphasize the harmonious relationship with the princes and promoted the development of the defamatory system.

In the Song Dynasty, the princes’ and the ministers’ Shi Yi have specific requirements and standards for the style and terminology. The choices of deeds contain meanings of judgments. The authors write and integrat the Shi Yi to write and assess the deeds of the relevant figures. In addition, Shi Yi has a very close relationship with the political culture of the Song Dynasty. In terms of writing ,it reflects the requirements of Song Ting for the moral qualities that the princes and ministers should possess, and the esteem for the image of " literary " and "loyalty". Besides, the writing of Shi Yi is often influenced by factors such as emperor intervention, family appeals, interest-driven, and revenge for private grudge. This article explains the above aspects by discussing the making of the posthumous name of Chen Zhizhong during Northern Song clique struggles. It is a reflection of the party struggle and the discussion of.

Along with the rise of Neo-confucianism of the Song Dynasty, a considerable number of Neo-Confucianists’ Shi Yi have been conceived, and the writings of these Shi Yi have been official. As a new school, Neo-Confucianism emerges in the Song Dynasty. The promoterss’ names are incorporated into the national system and become a political and cultural symbol, which becomes an important feature of the development of Shi Yi in the Song Dynasty.

Key words：the Song Dynasty；Shi yi；Etiquette

六、高学姣《清初赐书研究》  指导老师：黄爱平

中文摘要

中国古代帝王将书籍通过群体颁赐或单独赏赐的形式赠予臣僚是为赐书。清初顺治、康熙朝赐书出现在皇帝日常政务处理或外出巡幸的过程中，赐书的书籍、对象与赐书的目的随着当时政治环境的变化不断改变。

本文分为四章。第一章回溯清以前历代赐书的概况，根据赐书的对象不同将历代赐书分类为对臣僚、机构、藩属国及外国的赐书，在梳理史实的基础上讨论历代赐书的特点，并分析产生这些特点的原因。第二、三章考察顺治、康熙朝的赐书情况。以赐书的书籍为中心，结合赐书时的政治背景与受赐对象，阐明赐书的目的和作用，并总结顺治、康熙两朝赐书的特点。顺治帝亲政前的赐书是多尔衮遵循祖宗家训，为稳固统治、寻求政治借鉴而为，顺治帝亲政后的赐书是为初步建构一整套的儒家伦理纲常体系，目的是收拢皇权，整肃人心。康熙朝的赐书时间跨度长，书籍种类丰富，赐书的对象广泛，赐书目的多元，但总的来说，康熙赐书是为建立并稳固以儒家政治理念为核心的集权政治而服务的。第四章考察清初赐书的意义。首先以顺治、康熙两朝赐书的书籍内容、赐书的对象与赐书目的的变化做纵向考察，分析产生各种差异的原因；其次关注清中后期赐书对清初赐书的继承性。在清初赐书发展的基础上，清中后期赐书逐渐常态化，出现专门用来赏赐的“备赏书”，赐书名单由军机处拟定。

总之，本文以清初御赐书籍为研究对象，讨论内容涉及赐书书籍的编纂刊刻、赐书的时代背景、赐书的政治目的等多方面的内容。

关键词：清初；书籍；御赐

Abstract

In ancient China, awarding books refer to books which are given to officials by the emperors in the form of group or individual award. In Shunzhi and Kangxi Period of the early Qing Dynasty, awarding books occurs during the emperor’s dealing with government affairs or going out for inspection tours. Thus, the exact awarding books, the awarding objects and purposes are changing constantly with the different political environment at that time.

This thesis is consisted of four chapters. The first chapter traces back the previous situation of awarding books before the Qing Dynasty and classifies the awarding books into three types according to the different awarding objects of officials, institutions and subordinate countries. Besides, this chapter also discusses the characteristics of awarding books and their reasons through sorting out the historical facts. Chapter Two and Three examine the awarding books during Shunzhi and Kangxi Period. Focusing on the exact awarding books and combining the political background and the awarding object, these two chapters clarify the purposes and functions of awarding books, and further summarize the characteristics of awarding books during the two periods. Before Shunzhi’s government, awarding books is to follow the ancestral family training by Dorgon for the sake of solid governance and seeking political reference. After Shunzhi’s government, awarding books is to construct a set of Confucian ethics system for the purpose of gathering the imperial power and rectifying the people. During Kangxi’s government, the awarding books has the characteristics of long span, rich variety, wide objects and diverse reasons. But in general, Kangxi’s awarding books is to establish and stabilize the centralized politics with Confucian political ideas as the core. Chapter Four examines the significance of awarding books in the early Qing Dynasty. First, a longitudinal investigation on the contents, the awarding objects and purposes of the awarding books is made in order to analyze the causes of the various differences. Second, the focus is put on the inheritance of the awarding books in middle Qing Dynasty to that of the early Qing Dynasty. On the basis of the development of the awarding books in the early Qing Dynasty, the awarding books in the middle and late Qing dynasties gradually become normalized, and the list of books are drafted by the Grand Council, and there are “ready-to-award books” dedicated to award.

In short, this thesis takes the awarding books of the early Qing Dynasty as the research objects, analyzes the compilation and publication, the historical background and the political purposes of the awarding books.

Keywords: the early Qing Dynasty, books, imperial award