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清代武英殿修书处研究
论文作者：项旋
导师姓名：黄爱平
培养单位：历史学院清史所
论文题目：清代武英殿修书处研究
中文摘要
武英殿修书处是康熙十九年（1680）十一月设立，并于1911年随清王朝覆亡而消失的皇家刻书机构，其运转前后历经九朝，延续了二百三十二年。武英殿修书处最初隶属于武英殿造办处，其后逐渐独立出来，直接隶属于总管内务府。其下设监造处、校刊翰林处和御书处，专门从事内府书籍校勘、刷印和装潢工作。
本文以“武英殿修书处”为研究对象，意在对武英殿修书处二百余年的刊刻、校勘和装潢等活动予以全面爬梳，考察武英殿修书处的成立始末、职官设置、日常管理、人员分工以及刊刻殿本数量、殿本流通等基本问题，探究武英殿修书处的日常运作机制；结合存世殿本，从版本学、书籍史等角度揭示武英殿刻书的基本特征；并在上述研究基础上，进一步深入揭示武英殿修书处的政治、文化内涵。
本文拟分为八章，每章下设若干小节。第一章回溯历代中央机构刊刻书籍的传统，特别提出明代司礼监经厂刻书与武英殿修书处的渊源，同时从清初的政治文化环境的角度考察武英殿修书处得以设立的历史背景；第二章考述武英殿修书处成立的时间、地点，与武英殿造办处的关系等问题，对其进行分期，在此基础上重点论述武英殿修书处在各个时期（创始期、鼎盛期、式微期和衰亡期）制度发展和刊印殿本的成绩。第三章探讨武英殿修书处的组织机构和职官、人员设置；第四章结合修书处档案，深入探究武英殿修书处日常运作机制，包括经费、物料开支，与内务府等机构的协调关系。第五章关注武英殿修书处的刊印与校勘活动，重点辨析了聚珍馆和武英殿聚珍版书的相关问题；第六章描述了殿本的基本特征，利用大量文献档案，纠正已有殿本著录的讹误之处；第七章全面爬梳殿本的流通，考察殿本进呈、颁发、陈设、售卖的全过程，着重考辨了回缴和售卖两个重要环节；第八章以重寻殿本为题，梳理了晚清以来殿本的收藏、出版和研究状况，并以故宫博物院和陶湘为个案加以探讨，突出殿本在后世的利用和传播状况。最后，对全文作总结，并提出一些新的思考，探讨武英殿修书处的性质及局限性等问题。
总之，本文的研究一方面探讨武英殿修书处设馆时间、地点、组织机构、人员设置、与各机构协调合作等，另一方面亦关注殿本的版本、装潢特征，考察殿本的流通、售卖等问题。武英殿修书处作为清代“皇家出版社”，系统全面的厘清相关问题，将会进一步凸显武英殿修书处在清代学术文化脉络中的地位和价值。
外文摘要
The Printing Institute in Wuying Palace was set up in November, 1680 and ended in 1911 along with the disappearance of Qing Dynasty. It worked for 232 years and lasted for nine periods of Qing Dynasty. The Printing Institute in Wuying Palace was originally attached to the Wuying Palace Workshops, then gradually independent, directly under the control of Internal Affairs Department. It was made up of the Supervision Department, the Hanlin Proofreading Department and the Royal Calligraphy Department. In a word, it was a specialized organization which was in ge of imperial books’ proofreading, printing and decoration.
This paper takes the "Printing Institute in Wuying Palace" as the object of study to figure out its operation of proofreading, printing and decoration during more than two hundred years. This paper also focuses on studying the establishment of the Printing Institute, official system, daily management, division of labor, the number of books, the circulation process and other basic issues, to explore the daily operation of institute of imperial printing. Based on the investigation about the existing versions, the paper tries to reveal the basic acteristics of versions printed in Wuying Palace. On the basis of the above research, this paper seeks to further reveal the political and cultural connotations of Imperial editions of Wuying Palace.
This paper includes eight chapters. Each chapter is made up of some sections. The first chapter introduces the printing tradition of central governments in ancient China and specially puts forward the relationship between the imperial printing by Jingchang of Ming Dynasty and the imperial printing by Wuying Palace of Qing Dynasty. This chapter also describes the institute’s background of establishment from the perspective of political and cultural environment in the early Qing Dynasty. The second chapter examines the date and location of establishment of this institute and its relationship with the Wuying Palace Workshops. On the basis of several divided stages (Founding Period, Peak Period, Micro-period and Decline Period), this chapter emphasis on the system development and publication by Wuying Palace in various periods. Chapter Three discusses the organization structure, official system and personal management of the Printing Institute in Wuying Palace. Chapter Four focuses on the daily operation mechanism, including the funds, the material expenses, the coordination relationship with the Internal Affairs Government, and so on. Chapter Five explores the publication and collation of editions of Wuying Palace and points out the related problems of Juzhen Institute and Series of Precious Books in Wuying Palace. The sixth chapter describes the basic acteristics of Imperial Editions of Wuying Palace and corrects some mistakes in the existing catalog publications about these editions by using a large number of documents. Chapter Seven investigates thoroughly the circulation process including the delivery, award, exhibition and sale. The chapter particularly focuses on the confiscating and sale, which are important parts of the circulation process. Chapter Eight reexamines the Imperial Editions of Wuying Palace by drawing the outline of their history of collection, publishing and research status since the late Qing Dynasty. The chapter takes the National Palace Museum and Tao Xiang as examples to explore the editions’ situation of utilization and spreading. Finally, the paper summarizes the whole work and puts forward some new thinking to discuss the nature and limitations of the Printing Institute in Wuying Palace.
In short, the study of this paper intends to discuss the institute’s set-up date, location, organization, staffing, coordination with the various agencies. This paper also concerns about the versions of books, decorating acteristics, sale system and other issues. By clarifying the relevant issues of the "Royal Publishing House", we can further highlight the important status and value of the The Printing Institute in Wuying Palace in the history of academy and the culture of the Qing Dynasty.
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