1、晚清地方官书局刻印书籍考论

论文作者：朱宝元

导师姓名：黄爱平

培养单位：历史学院清史所

论文题目：晚清地方官书局刻印书籍考论

中文摘要

晚清地方官書局是清朝在平定太平天國運動過程中，先由胡林翼、曾國藩、左宗棠、李鴻章等地方督撫發起，再由中央敕諭，各省積極響應而設立的地方官辦刻書機構。地方官書局延續半個多世紀，幾乎遍及全國各省，刻印書籍幾千種，是清代內府刻書衰落後官刻的主力，也是中國古代官刻的殿軍，更以其遍佈全國的發行網路，成爲晚清書院、藏書樓、圖書館以及傳統士人和近代知識分子接受教育的重要書籍來源。

針對以往研究重“書局”而不重“書籍”的研究缺陷，本研究確定以晚清地方官書局刻印書籍——局本——爲核心，在梳理官書局史實和刻印書籍目錄的基礎上：一是考察晚清地方官書局的興衰。將之劃分爲咸同之際的出現、同治年間的興起、光绪前中期的发展、戊戌前後的裁變與民國期間的消亡等階段，對以往研究進行辨證，對每個階段的具體史實進一步考實。二是考察地方官書局的組織管理。重點分析督撫等地方長官的領導作用，並通過史料文獻整理出金陵書局、浙江書局和淮南書局的內部組織結構。三是對局本進行界定。分析地方官書局與志局和書院刻書的關係，提出局本界定應在刻印書籍牌記、序跋等基礎上，利用書局銷售書目和當事人的書信、日記等材料，進行綜合研究，並作了量化分析。四是考察局本的編校。從編校規章與流程、編校人員、局本來源、編校成果等方面，挖掘更多史料，著重刻本研究，更全面地認識局本的編校特點。五是考察局本的刻印。從刊刻、字體、貯版與刷印等方面，分析官書局刻書對民間書坊發展的帶動作用，著重考察局本字體的統一性與差異性，分析了曾國藩的刻字法式對清前中期方體字的繼承與改造，提出其是版刻宋體字向現代印刷宋體過渡的橋樑的觀點，考察了局本貯版的多樣性，分析了局本印本的特點，以及初印本與後印本的不同和對局本研究的重要性。六是考察局本的流通與社會影響。從呈送與調取、本地頒發、贈送與代購、銷售等方面分析局本流通的渠道及社會作用；從局本內容的經典性、地方性和中西融合中的努力，分析局本在傳統文化傳承、地方治理與文化建設和中西融合過程中產生的影響。

本研究主要運用文獻學、歷史學的方法，在三個方面深化對晚清地方官書局刻印書籍的研究：一是以晚清地方官書局刻印書籍和書目整理爲核心，通過比對《中國古籍總目》、各地官書局銷售書目（多收錄在《官書局書目彙編》《晚清營業書目》《中國近代古籍出版發行史料叢刊》等），以及《書目答問匯補》等目錄文獻，並到圖書館目驗刻印書籍和檢索高校古文獻資源庫，初步整理出相對完整的局本目錄3000多種，統計局本的種類和數量，並進行量化分析，突破以往局限於某一書局或幾個大書局的研究，更全面、深入地認識地方官書局的刻印成果。二是通過文獻細讀，對地方官書局的不確切、乃至錯誤論述進行考辨；同時，廣泛查考文獻，更多運用以往研究未利用的书信、日記、書局章程、銷售書目、報紙等一手文獻資料，對各地官書局刻印書籍過程中的人和事進行史實考證，揭示出以往研究未注意到的地方官書局刻印書籍與晚清社會的關係。三是在局本目錄和史實考證的基礎上，著重於編校和刻印這兩個局本生產製作的關鍵環節，將之放到具體的歷史情境中進行分類研究，一定程度上填補了以往研究注重官書局而不注重局本的研究缺陷，努力做到辨析史實、梳理歸納、總結特點。

外文摘要

The local official publishers in late Qing Dynasty are initiated by local government and approved by the central government during the suppression of Taiping Rebellion, which published thousands of engraved books in different provinces and became the main force of the official publishing after the decline of the Imperial Affairs Department’s book engraving. They are important book sources for ancient academy, library and intellectuals.

Centered on the engraving books by local official publisher, based on the sorting out historical facts and books’ contents, different from previous studies focusing on local official publisher rather than books, the research makes analysis on the background of the emergence, the prosperity and decline of the local official publishers in late Qing Dynasty and categorizes five periods  in terms of their development; on the managing structure of local official publishers, with emphasis on the leadership function of the magistrates, plus examples of Jinling Publisher, Zhejiang Publisher and Huainan Publisher based on document study; on the definition of local official books, through analysis on the relations between the local official publishers and ancient academy to conclude that local official books should be defined on comprehensive study of the copyrights page, preface, prologue with quantitative study on letters, diaries and selling motives of the persons involved ; on the editing of the books, including the rules and the staff of editing process, and the resources as well as editions of the engraving books, in order to explore the common and individual features as far as editing  regulations are concerned, which has been neglected  in previous study, to make further study on scholars’ contribution on the engraving books by local official publishers  in late Qing Dynasty, to investigate extensively the editing and proofreading functions of the local publishers; on the engravers’ employment, the clarification of character types and the format design; on the circulation, allocation, donation and vendition of books. Finally, on basis of the above research, the author makes investigation on the historical  influence of local official books on modern social reforms in connection with the relations between the engraving books and the late Qing society.

This research  employs  bibliography  and historical  approaches, and deepens the study on engraving books by local publishers in late Qing from three perspectives: one is to arrange 3000 catalogues of the local official books by publishers, and make statics of the the kinds and quantity of the books for quantitative  analysis to demonstrate an overall engraving achievements  by local official publishers at that time; the other is to testify the previous comments on local publishers in lines of reference books, to find out the relations between the engraving books and Late Qing’s society  in terms of the historical study on facts and persons in the publishing  process; and the third is to investigate the impact and limits of engraving books by local official publishers on the  traditional culture heritage, local management as well as the integration of Chinese and Western cultures, which is a breakthrough in comparison of the single study on traditional classics engraving by local publishers.

2、南京国民政府国史馆研究（1940-1949）

论文作者：周勇军

导师姓名：黄爱平

培养单位：历史学院清史所

论文题目：南京国民政府国史馆研究（1940-1949）

中文摘要

南京国民政府国史馆起自1940年2月国史馆筹备委员会的成立，结束于1949年10月国民党败退台湾，虽然成立时间不足10年，但却是民国时期设立的国史馆中存在时间最长、成果最多的。该馆直属于南京国民政府，主要从事民国史料的收集管理及民国国史的纂修工作。

本文以“南京国民政府国史馆”为研究对象，以新公布的档案史料为研究的文献基础，利用历史学、文献学的研究方法，意在对南京国民政府国史馆的组织管理制度及修史工作予以全面爬梳，考察其组织系统、人员组成、业务运行管理制度、国史资料收集与管理、国史体例的讨论、纪传表志的纂修等基本问题，以此为学界展现一个清晰全面的南京国民政府国史馆，并给予客观评价。

本文共分为五章。第一章梳理民国时期国史馆的发展历程，重点考察其与民国政治的关系。第二章探讨南京国民政府国史馆的组织与管理制度，其中包括组织系统的设置及其职掌、国史馆人员的组成及其特征、国史馆的业务运行管理制度等方面内容，重点考察国史馆的政治及学术属性。第三章考述国史资料的收集和管理工作。重点考察国史馆在史料收集和管理过程中所采用的方法以及所制定的相关规章制度。如档案管理会的成立，《征集史料简则》、《征集国史资料计划大纲》、《国史馆档案管理办法》等的制定与实施。第四章探究国史体例的讨论与纪传表志的纂修工作。重点分析国史馆筹备委员会时期各方对于国史体例的意见以及国史馆开馆后纂修人员对国史体例的商榷，同时展现国史馆在纪传表志纂修方面的成果。第五章探讨国史馆的相关修史工作及其成果。如《中华民国史史料长编》的编辑；《清史稿》的纠缪与修订；《民国碑传集》的编纂；日历、时政记、会要、通纪的编辑；《史蠡》、《国史馆馆刊》的编辑出版。最后，在综合全文的基础上，分析南京国民政府国史馆的性质、成绩与局限性，并对民国时期民国史的私家纂修做一概述。

总之，本文在充分挖掘利用并考辨分析第二历史档案馆所藏国史馆档案和台北“国史馆”所藏国民政府档案等第一手资料的基础上，解决了学界在南京国民政府国史馆的组织系统、人员组成、业务运行管理制度、国史资料收集与管理、国史体例的讨论、纪传表志的纂修、《国史馆馆刊》的编辑出版等方面研究的不足，基本还原了南京国民政府国史馆的真实面貌，廓清了学界对于民国国史馆的一些错误认识。

外文摘要

The bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government started from the establishment of the preparatory committee for the bureau of national history in February 1940, and ended in October 1949 when the Kuomintang defeated Taiwan. Although it took less than 10 years to establish, it was the longest and most successful record in the bureau of national history established during the republic of China. The bureau is directly affiliated to Nanjing National Government, mainly engaged in the collection and management of historical materials of the republic of China and the compilation of the national history of the republic of China.

This article takes the "bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government" as the research object, and uses the newly published archive historical data as the basis for the research, by using historical and philological research methods, which intended to comprehensively comprehend the organization and management system of the bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government and the history compilation work, then to examine its basic problems, which include organization system, personnel composition, business operation management system, collection and management of historical data, discussion of the style of national history, and the compilation of the history of records. This shows a clear and comprehensive bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government for the academic community and gives an objective assessment.

This article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter combs the development history of the bureau of national history during the period of the republic of China and focuses on its relationship with the politics of the republic of China. The second chapter discusses the organization and management system of the bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government, including the establishment of the organization system and its position, the composition and characteristics of the personnel of the bureau of national history, and the business operation management system of the bureau of national history. And focus on the political and academic properties of the bureau of national history. The third chapter examines the collection and management of historical data. It focuses on the methods adopted by the bureau of national history in the collection and management of historical materials and the relevant rules and regulations formulated. Such as the establishment of the Archives Management Association, the formulation and implementation of the Collection of Historical Materials for Collection, Summary of the Collection of National Historical Data Plans, and Administrative Measures for the Archives of the Bureau of National History, etc. The fourth chapter explores the discussion of the history of the country and the repair work of the history of records. The focus is on the opinions of the parties on the style of national history during the preparatory committee period, as well as the discussion of the style of national history after the opening of the bureau of national history. The fifth chapter discusses the relevant work and achievements of the bureau of national history. For example, the editor of the Collection Historical Data for History of the Republic of China, the correction and revision of the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, the compilation of the National Monument to the Republic of China, and the editor of the calendar, the political commemorative book, record or social backgrounds of a dynasty, Tong Ji; the editor and publish of Shi Li and the Publication of the Bureau of National History. Finally, on the basis of the comprehensive text, the author analysis the nature, achievements, and deficiencies of the bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government, and gives an overview of the private cultivation of the history of the Republic of China during the period of the Republic of China.

In short, this paper was based on the full exploration and analysis of first-hand materials such as archives of bureau of national history in the Second Historical Archives and archives of the national Government in the “Academia Historica” in Taipei, and solved the shortage of academic research on the bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government, which included organization system, personnel composition, business operation management system, collection and management of historical data, discussion of the style of national history, and the compilation of the history of records, the editor and publish of the Publication of the Bureau of National History. Basically restored the real face of the bureau of national history of Nanjing National Government, and clarified some misunderstandings of the academic circle about the bureau of national history during the period of the Republic of China.