论文题目：《王在晋生平与著述研究》

作者姓名：张懿德

专业名称：历史文献学

指导老师：李晓菊

论文摘要

王在晋（1568—1643），字明初，号岵云，南直隶太仓籍（今江苏省太仓市），河南濬县（今河南省浚县）人，万历二十年（1592）壬辰科进士，历仕万历、泰昌、天启、崇祯四朝，官至兵部尚书、辽东经略。王在晋一生勤于著述，其文献编纂成果多与晚明时政密切相关，代表作有《兰江集》、《越镌》、《楚篇》、《历代山陵考》、《海防纂要》、《通漕类编》、《三朝辽事实录》等。一直以来，学界对于王在晋的研究基本集中在对其出任辽东经略时保守的守辽政策及其与孙承宗、袁崇焕力主在宁远设防策略的异同探讨和是非评价，争议颇多，迄无定论。实际上，作为晚明时期一位颇有作为的历史人物，王在晋一生的为政经历、仕履交游、诗文写作和文献编纂活动内容十分丰富，对其生平与著述进行完整而深入的研究不仅有助于全面地了解认识这一历史人物，而且对于晚明时期政治和士人生态的管窥亦具有不可忽视的意义与价值。

晚明，是王在晋生活时代的“标签”，内忧外患的政治局面、发展失衡的社会经济和高度繁荣的思想文化对王在晋的仕宦、交游和著述产生了不同程度的影响。结合晚明的时代背景，论文首先对王在晋的家世生平与仕宦交游进行了扎实细致的考察，还原了其家世背景、为官经历和仕宦交往，肯定了其主政地方所做出的政绩，指出其守辽政策存在的缺陷，并探讨了王在晋与乡党、同年、同僚、文人士绅群体的交往情况。在此基础上，论文对王在晋的全部著述及其各自的编纂、内容、存佚、版本、收藏情况以及文献价值进行了逐一梳理考察，完整地揭示了王在晋的著述构成，论述了其文献史料价值，认为这些著述既是社会经济面貌的生动呈现，又是当时文教生活和认知观念的鲜活反映，其著述中对于明廷与北方少数民族的战和往来事迹、来自朝鲜、琉球等地的漂民事件等重要历史史实的详细记录，对正史的记述具有补述辨正的作用，是晚明内外交往的珍贵史料。王在晋的文献编纂活动在其全部著述中占有重要地位，在整体讨论其各类著述之后，论文进而选取其三部重要著述，即《海防纂要》、《通漕类编》和《三朝辽事实录》进行个案研究，认为《海防纂要》和《通漕类编》是王在晋适应当时专门政务管理的需要而编撰的、具有鲜明的提供政务参考和经世致用目的的档案文献编纂成果。二书的编纂选题切实，搜采广泛，编排合理，详略得当，在体例方法上颇具特色，对当今档案文献编纂具有启示意义。《三朝辽事实录》是一部汇集明末辽事史料的编年体史书，是书的编纂带有某种为自己“正名”的意味。该书采用了独特的文献编纂方法，主要表现为对自身相关史料的强调、不同性质史料的互相配合、同一主题史料的集中呈现以及借他人史料表达自己的观点，极具研究价值。

王在晋的著述还是其思想的直接反映，通过梳理总结其著述中的奏疏、书牍及为政事迹之记载可见其以民为本的为政思想，他在军旅生涯中有关选兵、募兵、练兵、军纪军规、军备后勤等方面的论述则集中地反映了他对军政管理的重视及其实际主张，这些思想主张都体现出富于实践性的特征。

历史文献记载往往具有时序性的差异，这种时序性差异在历史人物形象的记录中体现的更加明显。由于不同时代著述者所持立场不同，言说动机也大相径庭，因而构建出历史人物的多重形象。作为一个极具争议的历史人物，王在晋的整体形象在其生前死后经历了从“济世之臣”到“庸碌之臣”的转变。论文最后针对这一问题进行了较为深入的探究，揭示了其形象变迁与当时社会背景、政治状况的密切关联。同时，也注意到在与王在晋籍贯相关的太仓、濬县以及他曾有过一番作为的湖南、山东等地，王在晋仍保持着“乡贤”与“名宦”形象，反映了中国传统乡土文化的特色。

关键词：王在晋；生平；著述；文献编纂；形象变迁

Abstract

Wang Zaijin (1568-1643), another name is Mingchu,and who styled himself as “Huyun”,was born in Taicang (now Taicang City, Jiangsu Province) in South Zhili,his ancestors once lived in Jun County (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). Wang Zaijin entered the ranks of scholars and officials through a imperial civil examination in the 20th year of Wanli，reaching the rank of minister of the Military Affairs and the strategy of Liaodong district．Wang Zaijin devoted himself to writing all his life, and most of his works were closely related to the current politics in the late Ming Dynasty. His representative works include Lanjiangji(兰江集), Yuejuan(越镌), Chupian（楚篇）, Li Dai Shan Ling Kao（历代山陵考）, Hai Fang Zuan Yao（海防纂要）, Tong Cao Lei Bian（通漕类编）, San Chao Liao Shi Shi Lu（三朝辽事实录）,etc.At present, most of the academic knowledge of Wang Zaijin still stays at Wang Zaijin's policy of guarding Liaodong district when he was appointed as Liaodong governor, which conflicted with Sun Chengzong and Yuan Chonghuan's strategy of defending Ningyuan, there are many controversies, but there is still no conclusion. In fact, Wang Zaijin's life, writings and related contents are very rich. A complete and in-depth study of his life and his writings is not only helpful to fully understand this historical figure, but also of great significance and value to the political and intellectual research in the late Ming Dynasty.

In the late Ming Dynasty,the political situation of internal and external troubles, unbalanced social economy and highly prosperous ideology and culture had an impact on Wang Zaijin's official, friends and writings. Combined with the background of the late Ming Dynasty, this paper discusses Wang Zaijin's life and writings in detail. The part of Wang Zaijin's lifetime in this paper restored his family background, official experience and contacts with officials, affirmed his achievements in the places in charge, pointed out the shortcomings of his policy of defending Liaodong,and discussed his contacts with fellow villagers, colleagues, scholars and gentry groups in his lifetime. On this basis, the paper combs and inspects all Wang Zaijin's writings, their compilation, content, preservation, edition, collection and their literature value one by one, completely reveals the composition of Wang Zaijin's writings, and discusses the value of historical documents. These writings are not only a vivid presentation of social and economic outlook, but also a vivid reflection of cultural and educational life and cognitive concepts at that time. The writings contain in detail the stories of wars and exchanges with ethnic minorities in the north, incidents of drifters from Korea, Ryukyu and other places, which are precious historical materials for internal and external exchanges, and play a role in supplementing and correcting. Wang Zaijin’s document compilation activity occupies an important position in all his writings. After discussing all his writings as a whole, the paper then selects three of his important works: Hai Fang Zuan Yao（海防纂要）, Tong Cao Lei Bian（通漕类编）and San Chao Liao Shi Shi Lu（三朝辽事实录）for case study. Hai Fang Zuan Yao（海防纂要） and Tong Cao Lei Bian（通漕类编）are the results of archival documents with the nature of government reference. They are widely quoted, well-researched by others, comprehensive in content, reasonable in arrangement and appropriate in detail. They have extremely distinctive characteristics of archival documents compilation, and are instructive to the compilation of archival documents today. San Chao Liao Shi Shi Lu（三朝辽事实录）is compiled by Wang Zaijin for the purpose of "correcting his name". This book adopts a unique method of document compilation, which is mainly manifested in the emphasis on its own relevant historical materials, the mutual cooperation of historical materials of different natures, the centralized presentation of historical materials of the same theme and the expression of one's own views through other people's historical materials.

Wang Zaijin's works are also a direct reflection of his thoughts. The memorial, calligraphy and records of his political deeds in his writings show his people-oriented political thoughts. His discussions on selecting soldiers, recruiting soldiers, training troops, military discipline and regulations, military logistics and other aspects in his military career are the presentation of his military ideas, which embodies the characteristics of practice.

Historical documents often have time-series differences, which are more obvious in the records of historical figures. Because writers in different times have different positions and different motivations, they have constructed multiple images of historical figures. As a highly controversial historical figure, Wang Zaijin's image experienced the change from "a minister who helps the world" to "a minister who is mediocre", and the change of his image was closely related to the social background at that time. At the same time, Wang Zaijin still maintains the image of "hometown sage" and "famous official" in Taicang, Junxian, Hunan and Shandong, which are related to Wang Zaijin's native place and his career.

Keywords: Wang Zaijin ; Lifetime ; Works ; Compilation of historical literature ; Image transformation.