一、刘兆阳：《〈宋大诏令集〉史源考——以“政事类”为中心》；指导老师：李晓菊

中文摘要

《宋大诏令集》是成书于南宋高宗绍兴年间的一部诏令总集，原书未标明作者，据后人记载，该书由常山宋氏家族后人整理编纂而成。原名《本朝大诏令》或《皇朝大诏令》，辑录北宋诏令3600余篇，始于宋太祖建隆元年（960年），终于宋徽宗宣和七年（1125年），全书分门别类，按年月顺序编次，内容涉及了这一时期的重大史事和典章制度，在保存有宋一代诏令文献和史料方面具有重要的价值，是现存宋元以前诏令集中最为重要的一部诏令文书汇编。

作为一部重要的宋代诏令汇编，《宋大诏令集》一书在编纂时似乎并没有系统、明确、统一的史料来源和取材路径，而是由南渡之后的常山宋氏家族通过采摭多种史料拼接汇集而成，既非出自一手，亦非成于一时，不同诏文之间在体例、风格上存在较为明显的差异。通过翻检诏文可发现，其整体编纂结构和叙述框架存在断裂散乱、层累叠加的痕迹，进而形成了复杂的文本面貌，在史源学、编纂学、宋代政治史领域具有进一步讨论的价值和空间。
本文首先对“史源”的基本概念，《宋大诏令集》的文本特点、史料来源的大致范围做了说明。笔者认为，史源学不仅是一种方法和路径，更是一种意识和理念，通过践行史源学的思想，我们可以深入追溯文本的来龙去脉，在这一过程中不断发现和解决问题。另外，《宋大诏令集》存在体例不一、重复收录、标题拟定方式多样化的特点，上述内容是笔者在初次翻阅完毕后，对于《宋大诏令集》的整体印象，也正是这一认知带动了后续的史源考察。在进入正式的文本对读工作之前，笔者对《宋大诏令集》的史料来源做了初步的推测，大致分为以下四方面：1.官方政书、档案等原始史料。2.时政记、日历、起居注、实录、国史等官修史书。3.宋代私人文集。4.宋氏家族藏书。通过以上史料，尽可能勾勒出其史源的大致范围，思考各类对读史料的层次与边界。

正文部分以《宋大诏令集》中的“政事类”为研究对象，将“政事类”所收诏令与《宋太宗皇帝实录》残本、《宋会要》、宋人文集等史料进行文本对读工作，对读诏令共计500余条，并就《宋大诏令集》中存在的重复载诏情况展开讨论，制作文字比勘表和篇名对照表，辨其异同，考其源流，得出对于《宋大诏令集》史料来源问题的大致结论，探讨其诏令文本的生成过程。笔者认为，《宋大诏令集》“政事类”所收诏令数量众多，类型多样，时间跨度较大，其史料来源具有复杂性和多元性的特点。大致可分为三类：1.《宋实录》、档案、御集等虽多已亡佚，但仍有迹可循的宋代官方史料。2.以宋代历朝“国史”为史源的《会要》、政书等后世官修史书。3.宋人文集、笔记、方志等私人史料。《宋大诏令集》经宋氏后人采摭多种史料编纂而成，其编纂结构与叙述框架存在层累叠加的痕迹，对本书进行系统的史源学考察，意在透过诏令文本去发掘更多有价值的议题，也是笔者在宋代王言研究方面的一次尝试和努力。

关键词：宋大诏令集；政事类；史源学；编纂学；宋代政治史

Abstract

The imperial edict in the Song Dynasty is a collection of imperial edict in the Emperor Gaozong of the South Song Dynasty.The author of this book is unknown.Accroding to the other scholars,it was compiled by the the posterity of the Song family of Changshan.It was originally known as the contemporary imperial edict or the regnal imperial edict.It includes 3600 imperial edicts which were from 960 A.D. to 1125 A.D.The book is classified by the content of the imperial edict and it was in chronological order,which includes important events and regulations in the Northern Song Dynasty.It is of great value in preserving imperial edicts and historical data.It is the most important imperial edict collection before the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

AS an important imperial edict collection in the Song Dynasty,the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty doesn’t have specific historical data source,while it was collected from various kinds of historical data by the Song family of Changshan after they came across The Yangtze River.It wasn’t finished by particular person or in particular time.There exist significant difference in their style.I can find disordered traces in their compiling structure and narrative framework,which formed complicated textual features.There are of great value for further discussion in the field of Quellenkunde,Historiography,and the Political History of Song Dynasty.

First,the article will make an explanation about the concept of the‘Quellenkunde’,the text feature of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty,the possible range about the historical data source of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty.I think the‘Quellenkunde’is not only a method,but also a consciousness.we can explore the cause and effect of the text by puttiing the Quellenkunde into practice.we can discover and solve problems in this process.In addition,the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty has the following characteristics:Different style,Repeated items,and multiple headings.The above content is my general impression after my first reading,it is the impression that prompt the further research. I make a preliminary speculation about the historical data source of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty before getting into the text research work.It includes four aspects: 1.The political book and the official records .2.The notes about current politics, Calendar,The notes about daily life,Memoir,The national history.3.The private collected works in the Song Dynasty.4.The collection of books in the Song family.Maybe I can figure out the the possible range about the historical data source of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty after reading these historical data,trying to think about the layers of historical data.

The article will focuse on the ‘political class’and compare it with the Memoir of Song Taizong,Hui Yao in the Song Dynasty,the collected works in the Song Dynasty.The number of imperal edicts that I read in the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty reachs 500.I will also try to discuss the repeated items in this book,making the text comparison table and title comparison table,trying to find the differences between them and make sure the historical data source.Finally,draw the conclusion about the historical data source of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty,trying to discuss the forming process of the book.In my perspective,the historical data source of the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty is complex and polybasic duo to its enormous quantity,wide variety and long period of time.It can be roughly divided into three aspects:1.The historical data that has been lost in history,such as the Memoir of Song Taizong, the official records and other official historical data.2.The historical records that were written by government such as Hui Yao in the Song Dynasty and the political books.3.The historical data that was written by private people,such as the collected works,notes,and local records.The imperial edict in the Song Dynasty was finished by a lot of people,there exist disordered traces in their compiling structure and narrative framework.The study is intended to find more valuable topics,and it is also an effort to study the imperial edict in the Song Dynasty.

Keywords：The imperial edict in the Song Dynasty ; Political class ; Quellenkunde ; Historiography ; Political History of Song Dynasty

二、孟念慈：《宋代女性墓志书写研究》；指导老师：李晓菊

中文摘要

对于研究在正史中往往处于边缘地位甚至时常缺席的女性来说，女性墓志具有重要的史学价值。现存宋代女性墓志数量较多，是宋代女性研究、宋代社会生活史研究不可忽视的史料文献。本文以收集整理自《全宋文》所收两宋时期的女性墓志1100余篇和收集整理自其他墓志汇编与考古资料中的宋代女性墓志230篇为研究对象，从历史书写的角度对宋代女性墓志做了较为系统全面的梳理考察。

宋代女性墓志志主的身份多样：从阶层来看，有宫廷、宗室、士人阶层及平民女性；从婚姻情况来看，有未婚、已婚女性；从宗教信仰来看，有佛教徒、道教徒、无信仰者等。不论女性身份如何，都可能拥有自己的墓志，这是宋代墓志更加大众化的表现，尤其是在宋代，平民也可能拥有由士人或同样是平民的亲属所写的墓志。宋代绝大多数女性墓志都出于士人之手，根据书写的主动与否，可以分为书写者主动书写和非主动的奉敕书写、受请托书写。宋代墓志所具有的社交功能，集中体现在受请托书写这一书写类型中。请铭者和书写者之间的互动，表现出墓志铭在宋代士人或志主家族维护或扩大社交网络方面发挥的作用。

不同类别、不同类型的女性墓志，有着不同的书写体例特点。宋代妻志与妾志在家世、品行等方面的书写差异，显示了志主的身份地位对墓志书写的影响；与夫书志不同，非夫书志往往强调请铭的情节与自己书写墓志的原因，这受到书写者与志主的不同关系的影响。宋代存在多人并志和一人二志的特殊书写现象。女性的多人并志，志主通常生前有亲缘关系，死后也合葬，书写者往往按照志主去世时间的先后顺序书写；男性的多人并志，志主可能没有亲缘关系，死后也通常分葬两地。女性的一人二志，出现在初葬而后迁葬，或最初仅为安葬记其生平大略而后又重新详细书写墓志的情况中；男性的一人二志，则有可能与政治斗争有关。此外，作为一种特殊的应用文体，墓志有与史传、行状、记文等其他文体不同的书写特点，尤其是扬善隐恶的书写方式，这是由墓志的性质所决定的。

比较唐宋女性墓志，可以发现宋代女性墓志的书写自有其特色，这与宋代独特的社会文化环境有关。雕版印刷的繁荣使得墓志有了潜在的读者群体，其中有关生者的篇幅增多；佛道二教的兴盛使墓志中有关宗教信仰的记载更为丰富；理学的兴起又使墓志书写者着意描写甚至塑造符合儒家伦理道德的女性形象；在家国同构观念的影响下，墓志书写者刻意强调女性的品行对国家命运的重要；科举的进一步发展使书写者更关注志主如何相夫教子以及她的子孙后代的读书科考成就。宋代女性墓志的另一书写特色，是对于女性日常生活的详细描写增多。这些描写为宋代女性史研究提供了有关女性婚姻生活、宗教生活、公共社会生活、文化教育及人际关系网络等方面的丰富资料。

关键词：宋代；女性；墓志铭；书写

Abstract

Female epitaphs are of great historical value to study women who are often marginalized or even absent in official history. There are a large number of female epitaphs in Song Dynasty, which can not be ignored in the study of female and social life history in Song Dynasty. This paper collects more than 1100 female epitaphs of the Song Dynasty in the Complete Works of the Song Dynasty and about 230 female epitaphs of the Song Dynasty collected from other epitaphs and archaeological materials, and makes a systematic and comprehensive study of female epitaphs in Song Dynasty from the perspective of historical writing.

Female epitaph owners in Song Dynasty have various identities. In terms of class, they can be divided into royal female, imperial clan female, scholars-class female and the civilian female. In terms of marriage condition, they can be divided into unmarried and married female. In terms of religious beliefs, they can be divided into Buddhist, Taoist, non-believer, etc. Regardless of their status, females are likely to have their own epitaphs, which indicates in Song Dynasty, epitaphs become more popular. Especially in Song Dynasty, commoners may also have epitaph written by scholars or relatives who were also commoners. Most female epitaphs in Song Dynasty are written by scholars, according to the initiative of writing or not, they can be divided into voluntary writing, writing by the emperor's will and writing by the request. The social function of epitaphs in Song Dynasty is mainly reflected in the writing type of writing by the request. The interaction between the person who asks for the epitaph and the epitaph writer shows that epitaphs can play a role in maintaining or expanding social networks.

Different types of female epitaphs have different writing styles. The differences between wifes' epitaphs and concubines' epitaphs in the aspects of family background and conduct show the influence of the status of the owner on the epitaph writing. Different from epitaphs written by husbands, epitaphs not written by husbands often emphasizes the plot of how people ask them to write the epitaph and the reason for writing the epitaph, which is influenced by the different relationship between the writer and the owner of the epitaph. In the Song Dynasty, two or more people can share one epitaph, or one person may have two different epitaphs. When two or more females share one epitaph, they usually have kinship in life and buried together after death, the writer often writes according to the sequence of the time of death. When two or more males share one epitaph, they perhaps have no kinship, and they are usually buried in two places after death. When a female has two different epitaphs, her families may move graveyard to another place, or when she is buried, there is a brief record of her death,but later her epitaph is rewritten. When a male has two different epitaphs, it may be related to political struggle. Also, as a special practical writing style, the epitaph is different from other writing styles such as historical biography, biographic sketch and notes. In particular, the writing style of advocating good and concealing evil is determined by the character of epitaph.

Comparing the female epitaphs of Tang and Song Dynasties, we can find that the female epitaphs of Song Dynasty have their own characteristics, which is related to the unique social and cultural environment of Song Dynasty. The prosperity of block printing makes epitaphs have potential readers, and there are more writing space for the living ones. The prosperity of Buddhism and Taoism enriched the records of religious beliefs in epitaphs. The rise of Neo Confucianism makes the epitaph writers focus on describing and even shaping female images in line with Confucian ethics. Under the influence of the concept of the same structure of the clan and country, the epitaph writers deliberately emphasize the importance of women's conduct to the fate of the country. The further development of the imperial examination makes the writer pay more attention to how the female assists her husband and educates the children and her posterity's achievements in studying and imperial examinations. Another writing feature of female epitaphs in Song Dynasty is the increase of detailed description of their daily life, which provides abundant information about their marriage life, religious life, public social life, cultural education and interpersonal relationship network for the study of female in the Song Dynasty.

Keywords： Song Dynasty ; female ; epitaph ; writing

三、孙萌：《宋代方志〈祠庙门〉研究》；指导老师：皮庆生

中文摘要

方志《祠庙门》产生并发展于宋代，上溯其源，其门目名称、内容结构、编纂方式等都可以从汉唐祠庙记载中找到源头，下求其流，明清方志基本延续其结构和内容。宋代方志《祠庙门》是较早的官方对地方祠庙的记载，较为完整地记载了地方祠庙体系，梳理了祠庙神灵和沿革，是当时地方官施政的参考，是后世祠庙书写的重要参考材料，也是研究宋代地方祠庙、民间信仰和方志书写相关问题的重要史料。

从整体编纂上看，在中央、地方政府、民间三种力量的作用下，宋代方志《祠庙门》基于儒家神祠观念，但对民间信仰较为包容，根据官方态度和神灵功绩，形成了大致包括土地、五岳等国家信仰、帝王名臣、地方先贤和名人、自然神灵、灵异神灵的独特地方祠庙体系。

从具体书写上看，以《祠庙门》中陈果仁庙的书写为例，分析“祠庙小传”的书写模式，其内容大致包括地点、神灵故事、祠庙沿革、灵应与赐封等，并通过小注或按语对正文进行补充或讨论，以展示地方人文色彩和个人史学功底，因此保留了大量碑记等文献。编者博采群书的同时有目的的对材料进行取舍来塑造神灵，以达到符合中央神灵要求并辅助地方管理的目的，故其记载多被后世认可流传。

关键词：宋代；方志；《祠庙门》；民间信仰

Abstract

The category of Temples in gazetteers came into being and developed in Song Dynasty. Both the category name, Content structure and way of compilation can be found in the writing of Temples during Han and Tang Dynasties. And it be used in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The category of Temples in gazetteers of Song Dynasty is an earlier official record of local temples. It recorded the local temple system completely, combing the temple gods and evolution. It is a reference for local officials , an important reference material for later generations. It is also an important historical material for the study of local temples, folk beliefs and gazetteers writing in Song Dynasty.

On the whole of compilation, under the influence of the central, local government and folk forces, category of Temples in gazetteers during Song Dynasty base on the Confucian temple ideas, also tolerate the folk beliefs. According to the official attitude and gods contribution, it has formed a unique system of local temples, including the town god, the five mountains and other national gods, emperors and famous officials, local sages and celebrities, natural gods and mysterious gods.

From the view of writing, take writing of Chen Guoren temple as an example, Analysis of the writing mode of "temple biography", its contents include location, story of gods, evolution of ancestral temple, effective and title, and Supplement and discussed by notes and comments. To show the local literati's color and personal historical knowledge. Therefore, a large number of inscriptions and other documents were retained. The editor collects a lot of materials, at the same time they choose materials to make the gods, in order to comply with a request of the center and Support local management. So it was accepted and spread by later generations.

Keywords：Song Dynasty ; Gazetteers ; Category of Temples ; folk beliefs

四、郭慧岚：《乾隆朝殿试经史策问研究》；指导老师：黄爱平

中文摘要

殿试为“抡才大典”，是科举考试中最高级考试，名臣硕学多出于此。殿试策问不仅具备选官取材之功能，亦兼具考校士子经史根柢与治国良策之作用，且传递出帝王之治理意图，具有较强政治导向作用。乾隆朝殿试策问为探究乾隆帝施政意图、学风转换与士子的社会思考提供了新视角。

本文分为三章。第一章对乾隆朝殿试经史策题总况进行论述，重点梳理乾隆一朝十九科殿试经史策题内容与特点，同时探讨其所反映的乾隆帝文治思想。第二章重点考察殿试对策。对策作为一种科举考试文体，具有一定程式化规定，士子需严格遵循。乾隆朝殿试虽无黜落，但亦有名次先后之分。殿试策亦是一种直接应对君王的文体，为“君臣交际之始”。士子平日寒窗苦读、殚心经术，在此关键时刻更是百倍小心、战战兢兢，无不是在严格遵循文体基础之上“应诏而陈政”，力求做到阐发题义，辞达理举。这便要求士子讲究对策之艺术与策略，既能体察圣意，有问必答，又能够颂圣劝上。将纪昀与钱大昕二人殿试策作为个案进行分析，不仅提供了乾隆朝殿试对策外在形式之参考依据，亦能更具体直观反映士子经史对策之政治表达，还能以一个新视角研究纪氏与钱氏之学术思想。第三章在学术视野下探讨殿试经史策问，揭示殿试经史策问与学术活动双向互动之关联。首先，乾隆朝殿试经史策问与官方修书活动存在双向互动，表现在两个方面：一是官方修书遇到的问题常出现在当时殿试策题中，以征询士子建议；一是殿试选拔人才进入翰林院、国史馆以及四库馆等修书机构，促进了官方修书活动开展。其次，乾隆一朝的汉宋之争在殿试经史策问中亦有呈现。策题内容从早期侧重考察理学义理到中后期愈发侧重经史学考据之转变，能够反映考据学兴起与话语权争夺之过程。考据学兴起后，乾隆帝采取了“汉宋兼采”政策，在殿试中增加了考据学策题，而殿试选拔出汉学家进入礼部及翰林院两大考试主管机构并担任地方乡试、会试考官，逐渐掌握了一定话语权，从而对科举考试施加积极影响；四库开馆修书后成为了“汉学家大本营”，推动考据学成为是时学术主流。相比之下，理学呈现出边缘化趋势。虽然理学策题仍经常出现在殿试中，但却借鉴了考据学方法进行命题，又因其自身长期缺少创见，理学仍是走向了衰落。

关键词：乾隆朝；殿试；经史策问

Abstract

The Palace Examination is the " grand ceremony of selecting talents", which is the most advanced examination in the imperial examinations, and it is also the beginning of scholars' careers. The Palace Examination“Cewen”not only has the function of selecting talents, but also has the function of inquiring the scholars about good policies for governing the country, and at the same time conveys the emperor's intentions of social and national governance, and has a strong political guiding role. The Qianlong Palace Examination“Cewen” provided a documentary perspective for exploring the political intentions of Emperor Qianlong, the social thinking of scholars and the current social study style.

This article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the general situation of the Confucian classical and historical questions of the Palace Examinations of the Qianlong Dynasty, focusing on the content and characteristics of the Confucian classical and historical questions of the 18 Palace Examinations of the Qianlong Dynasty, and at the same time discusses the thoughts of the Emperor Qianlong's literary rule. The second chapter focuses on the answers for the Palace Examination. Answers, as a literary form of imperial examination, have certain stylized regulations that scholars must strictly follow. The Palace Examination, as a "grand for talents", although there is no drop, there are also rankings. The answer in the Palace Examination is also a literary form that directly responds to the emperor, which is the "beginning of communication between the emperor and the minister". Scholars study Confucian classics seriously at ordinary times. At this critical moment, the scholars were even more cautious. They all explained the meaning of the topic and made reasonable speeches on the basis of strictly following the literary form. This requires that scholars need to pay attention to the art and strategy of answers, not only can understand the emperor intention, answer all questions, but also be able to exhort the emperor. Taking Ji Yun and Qian Daxin as two cases, not only provides the reference for the external form of the Palace Examination answers in the Qianlong Dynasty, but also reflects the characteristics of the scholars' answers in the Qianlong Dynasty, and studies the academic thoughts of Ji Yun and Qian Daxin from a new perspective. Chapter Three discusses the Confucian classical and historical questions of the Palace Examinations from an academic perspective, revealing the relationship between the Confucian classical and historical questions of the Palace Examinations and academic activities. First of all, there is a two-way interaction between the Qianlong Palace Examination“cewen”and the official book revision activities, which is manifested in two aspects: one is that the problems encountered in the official book revision often appear in the examination questions to seek advice from scholars; the other is the Palace Examination. Talents with both history and history were selected and invested in book-repair institutions such as the Hanlin Academy, National History Library, and Siku Institute, which promoted the development of official book-repair activities. Secondly, the Han-Song Controversy during the Qianlong dynasty was also presented in the Confucian classical and historical questions of the Palace Examinations. The content of the questions has changed from the focus on the theory of Neo-Confucianism in the early stage to the more and more emphasis on the textual research of Confucian classics in the middle and later period, which can reflect the process of the rise of Textual Research and the struggle for discourse power. After the rise of Textual Research, Emperor Qianlong gave attention to both Han and Song, and added textual research questions in the Palace Examination. After the Sinologists selected by the Palace Examinations entered the two examination authorities of the Ministry of Rites and the Hanlin Academy, they served as local examiners, and gradually mastered a certain discourse power, thus exerting a positive influence on the imperial examination; after the opening of Siku Institute for book revision, it became the "base camp of Sinologists" and promoted textual research to become the current academic mainstream. In contrast, Neo-Confucianism shows a trend of marginalization. Although Neo-Confucianism has made some internal adjustments, such as actively borrowing textual research methods in the Palace Examination questions, it has been in decline due to its own long-term lack of originality.

Keywords：Qianlong Dynasty ; Palace Examinations ; Confucian classical and historical questions

五、邢荣：《〈太平广记〉所见唐五代科举史料研究》；指导老师：曹刚华

中文摘要

《太平广记》是北宋初期李昉等人奉诏编纂的一部小说总集，共500卷，包含神仙、道术、女仙、报应、神、鬼等92类，记载了大量唐五代的故事、传奇，反映了唐代社会下层民众的图景和观念，为认识和研究社会史提供了珍贵的史料，以补正史记载之不足，对治唐史尤为重要。科举故事在《太平广记》中亦占有重要的地位，大致分布在卷178到184的贡举类中，其余零散在其他各类中。

科举史料，是指科举制度下产生的相关人物的行为或事件，且多是围绕举子应举生活而发生的，并流传的一种传奇小说。具体到《太平广记》中，体现为书中记载的与科举制度与社会互动下产生的故事。

本文分为四个章节：第一章简要介绍《太平广记》科举史料编纂情况。第二章考察《太平广记》科举史料的引书、作者及写作动机。第三章将《广记》中的科举故事进行内容上的分类梳理，并讨论几类典型故事的行文结构。第四章则重点关注《广记》科举史料中的社会史信息，分别从唐代道教、唐代天命观和唐代文学几个方面做出分析。

本文以《太平广记》作为核心文献，通过对其辑录的科举故事进行研究，探讨这些故事的史料价值。具体的研究思路是，将《太平广记》中所记的科举故事分类梳理，进而选取典型个案，分析这些故事背后的社会文化语境。

关键词：《太平广记》；唐五代；科举

Abstract

Tai Ping Guang Ji is a collection of novels edited by the government in the early Northern Song Dynasty, compiled by Li Fang and others in accordance with the imperial edict. It has 500 volumes, including 92 categories of immortal, Taoism, female immortal, retribution, gods and ghosts, record a large number of stories and legends of the Tang and the Five Dynasties, reflect the picture and concept of the lower-class people in the Tang Dynasty, and provide precious historical materials for understanding and studying social history, so as to make up for the lack of official records, which is particularly important for the research of the history of the Tang Dynasty. The imperial examination stories also occupy an important position in Tai Ping Guang Ji, which are roughly distributed in the Gong Ju categories in volumes 178 to 184, and the rest are scattered in other categories.

The historical materials of the imperial examination refer to the behaviors or events of the relevant characters produced under the imperial examination system, and most of them are a kind of legendary novels which take place around the life of examinee. Specifically，in Tai Ping Guang Ji, it is reflected in the stories of the interaction between the imperial examination system and society recorded in the literature.

This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter briefly introduces the compilation of Tai Ping Guang Ji. The second chapter studies the citation, authors and writing motivation of Tai Ping Guang Ji. The third chapter classifies the imperial examination stories in Guang Ji and discusses the structure of several typical stories. The fourth chapter focuses on the social history information in the imperial examination historical materials of Guang Ji, which is analyzed from the aspects of Taoism, the concept of destiny among the people and literature in the Tang Dynasty.

This paper takes Tai Ping Guang Ji as the core document, and discusses the historical value of these stories through studing the imperial examination stories compiled by Tai Ping Guang Ji. The specific research idea is to sort out the imperial examination stories recorded in Tai Ping Guang Ji, and then select typical cases to analyze the social and cultural context behind these stories.

Keywords：Tai Ping Guang Ji ; the Tang and the Five Dynasties ; imperial examination

六、杨森：《明弘治、正德年间仿宋本研究》；指导老师：曹刚华

中文摘要

本文所述仿宋本特指明中叶仿照宋浙本版式、行款、字体，而与明前期版本风格明显不同的印本，这一风格的印本又包括刻本与活字本两种形式。

通过对明弘治、正德年间印本的调查，可以发现这一时期书籍版本风格发生了重大变化。仿宋本开始出现，并以苏州地区为中心逐渐流行开来，这与当时古书旧本的流通规模扩大有关。不过早期仿宋本的版本风格并不统一，体现出明显的个性化和文人化特征，细分之可归为软体与硬体两种。软体字本最先出现，且在早期仿宋本中占到多数，一方面是因为与明前期印本字体风格更为近似，刻工更容易实现技术上的衔接与转换，另一方面也与同时期吴门书派的崛起以及频繁的刻帖活动有关。正德以后，由于硬体风格直上直下的字形结构更适应刻工奏刀习惯，并随着不断地技术改良，刻书效率极大提升，出版成本减少，适应了当时士大夫阶层对书籍的广泛需求，越来越被广泛应用于印本刊刻中。

仿宋本的书籍种类中，以集部文献为多，汉魏子书的刊行数量较之明前期也明显增多，从中可以看出弘治、正德年间文学思潮转变的阶段性特征。弘治年间，文学尚古观念盛行，但取法对象仍不明确，汉魏古书、宋元文集都有出版。正德以后，各文学流派的主张愈趋明确，书籍出版的针对性也更强，复古派多取法汉魏，作为复古派领袖的何景明也参与出版了《汉纪》、《汉魏诗集》等，而吴中文人则多喜好六朝唐代诗文，这类书籍在苏州地区被大量刊行。此外，同时期大量苏州方志、乡贤类著作的出版也值得注意，联系到同时期苏州籍在京官员同乡会的频繁举办、本地士人雅集的盛行等现象，可以发现这一时期吴中文人的地域认同趋于稳定，群体性文化特征趋于明显。

基于以上考虑，本文在正式展开论述之前，拟对仿宋本的中心地——苏州地区在明前中期的政治、经济、文化以及书业基础等略作考察描述，以便于更好理解仿宋本出现背景。

关键词：明中叶；仿宋本；苏州；出版文化

Abstract

This pape depicts modeled Song-Dynasty-style books which specified that the Song Zhe imitation in layout, line and font during the middle period of Ming Dynasty. While the style of the print edition is obviously different from that of the early Ming Dynasty, and this print edition includes two forms: block-printed edition and movable type edition.

It can be found that the edition style of literatures in this period has undergone great changes after having investigation of the printed editions during the reign of Hongzhi and Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty. The modeled Song-Dynasty-style books began to appear and gradually became popular in Suzhou, which was related to the expansion of the circulation scale of old books at that time. However, its early style is not uniform, reflecting obvious characteristics of individualization and humanization, which can be divided into software and hardware. The software text has appeared first, and accounted for most of the early modeled Song-Dynasty-style books. On the one hand, since the font style was more similar to that of the printed version in the early Ming Dynasty, it was easier for engraving workers to achieve technical convergence and conversion. On the other hand, it was also related to the rise of Wumen Calligraphy School and the frequent activities of carving posts. After Zhengde reign, since the straight up and down shape structure of the hardware style is more suitable for the habit of carving and playing knives, with the continuous technological improvement, the efficiency of engrave books was greatly improved and the cost of publication was reduced, which adapted to the extensive demand for the literati and officials at that time, also it was more and more widely used in printing and inscribing.

Among the types of books with modeled Song-Dynasty-style books, most of them were collected literature, and the number of books published in the Han and Wei Dynasties also increased significantly compared with that in the early Ming Dynasty. In this context, It can be found out the stage characteristics of the transformation on literary thoughts during the period of Hongzhi and Zhengde. The concept of ancient literature has prevailed during the reign of Hongzhi, but the object of reference was still unclear. Ancient books of the Han, Wei and Song and Yuan dynasties were also published about this topic. However, the propositions of various literary schools became more and more clear after the reign of Zhengde, and the pertinence of the published contents became more prominent. Therefore, the Vintage School mostly borrowed from the Han and Wei dynasties. As a leader of the Vintage School, He Jingming participated in the publication of Han Ji and Han and Wei Poetry Anthology. The Wuzhong literati, on the other hand, were fond of the poems and prose of the Six Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, so such books are widely published in Suzhou. In addition, the publication of various Suzhou Local Chronicles and works of local sages in the same period was also noteworthy. It can be found that the regional identity of Wuzhong literati in this period tended to be stable and the group cultural characteristics tended to be obvious in connection with the frequent holding of Suzhou official associations in Beijing and the prevalence of local scholars' elegant gathering.

Based on the above considerations, this paper intends to make a brief investigation and description of the political, economic, cultural and book industry foundation of Suzhou, where is the center of the modeled Song-Dynasty-style books before carrying out formal discussion, so as to better understand the background on the relevant appearance.

Keywords： Middle period of Ming Dynasty ; Modeled Song-Dynasty-style books ; Suzhou ; Publishing culture